MEH Final Exam Review Sheet

This review sheet should serve as a starting point for your studying for the final exam. Remember, the test is on everything we have done this semester so a good way to study is to read through all of your notes. Do not expect this review sheet to have every single term we have studied this year.

1800s/Industrialization/Imperialism Terms:

Industrial Revolutioncapitalentrepreneur

labor unionscollective bargainingSamuel Slater

interchangeable partspartnershipFrederick Taylor

debt liabilitycorporationsboom phase

bust phasedepressionSamuel Morse

Henry FordWright BrothersThomas Edison

laissez faireAdam SmithWealth of Nations

MalthusDavid RicardoCharles Darwin

Louis PastuerGugliemo Marconimiddle and working classsocialismKarl Marx

Friedrich Engelsproletariatbourgeoisie

Communist Manifestocapitalism supply/demand

Democratic SocialismImperialismsocial Darwinism

RacismCecil Rhodesmissionaries

scramble for Africacash cropsmaxim gun

White Man’s BurdencolonizationRudyard Kipling

Great Powers of EuropeDavid Livingstone3 Cs

Franco-Prussian WarHenry StanleySwahili slave trade

Berlin ConferenceOtto von BismarckCongo Free State

King SovereignGeorge W. WilliamsED Morel

reform movementWest African MailRoger Casement

Casement Reportrubber/ivoryhostages

Congo Reform AssociationParliamentJoseph Conrad

Liverpool Chamber of Com.Force PubliqueJ.A. Hobson

model colonypermanent settlementgeographic luck

Guns, Germs, and SteelJared DiamondYali

race based theorygranarydomestication

beasts of burdenfertile crescentplaster/limestone

hunter gatherer v. farmerABC for Baby Patriots

German/Italian unificationhumanitarian

1800s/Industrialization/Imperialism Questions:

1. What factors contributed to the Industrial Revolution beginning in England?

2. How did the roles and size of the middle and working class change as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

3.What was Marx’s main argument in the Communist Manifesto?

4. What benefits came from Industrialization? Disadvantages?

5. How did the Europeans justify colonization?Why did the Africans object?

6. What were the European views about Africans in the 1800s?

7. What factors prevented European domination at first?

8. What forces drove imperialism? (as in, why did the Europeans colonize Africa)?

9. How does Guns, Germs, and Steel provide a non-racist reason for why the Europeans were able to conquer the Africans?

10. Through what process did the Europeans gain control of Africa?

11. What was the role of each Great Power in colonizing Africa and the Congo?

12. How did Leo gain control of the Congo? What promises did he make?

13. What did the map of Africa look like before the Berlin Conference? After?

14. What was the British interest in the Congo in the 1880s and 1900s?

15. Originally, what resource was Leo exporting from the Congo? What changed that?

16. What kinds of atrocities were happening in the Congo?

17. What promises did Leo make and break?

18. How did the Great Powers react to Leo’s actions?

19. What three options faced Britain in 1904?

20. What lobby groups spoke on behalf of what options?

21. What did Parliament decide to do?

Unification/Nationalism Terms:

30 Years WarBavariaPrussiaFrederick the Great

HanoverHesseConfederation on the Rhine

ZollvereinFrankfurt AssemblyHohenzollern

Sardinia-PiedmontGaribaldiManzziniOtto von Bismarck

Red ShirtsReal politikBlood and Iron

Danish WarSchleswig and Holstein7 Weeks War

German ConfederationsFranco-Prussian WarNationalism

W.W.I Terms:

Great WarMilitarismAlliancesImperialism

NationalismTriple AllianceTriple Ententepan-Slavism

Berlin-Baghdad railroadAlsace LorraineannexBosnia

SarajevoBalkan peninsulaEntente Cordialeassassination

Gavrilo PrincipSophieArchduke F Ferdinand

ultimatumWilliam IImobilizationCzar Nicolas II

neutralBelgiumSchleiffen planBattle of Marne

belligerentstalematetrenchesno man’s land

poison gasAllied PowersCentral Powerstank

Battle of SommeOttoman EmpireU-boatsLusitania

Woodrow WilsonZimmermanmachine gunsubmarine

propagandaWright BrothersBilly Mitchellflame-throwers

artillerymortarstotal warSykes Picot

HapsburgarmisticeabdicateArmenians

Paris Peace ConferenceGeorges ClemenceauDavid L. GeorgeVittorio Orlando

League of NationsTreaty of Versaillesmandatequarantine line

YugoslaviaGallipoliKoranAttaturkVera Britton

GenocideVictors PeacePeace w/o Victory14 points

W.W.I Questions:

1. What were the causes of W.W.I?

2. Why did each country enter the war? (Serbia, AH, Germany, Russia, France, US, England, etc.)

3. What was life like in the trenches?

4. How did people’s perception of war change throughout the war?

5. How did W.W.I change the map of Europe?

6. Why did Russia withdraw from W.W.I?

7. How did the Treaty of Versailles pave the way for W.W.II?

Russian Revolution Terms:

Nicholas IIAlexandraRasputinMensheviks

BolsheviksLeninPetrograd/ St. PetersburgPetrograd Soviet

DumaProvisional GovernmentKerenskyTrotskySiberia

February RevolutionOctober RevolutionMarxTsar/Czar

AbdicationCommand economyJoseph Stalin

Between the Wars, Nazi Germany, and W.W.II terms:

Versailles TreatyreparationsWeimar Constitution

republicChancellorPresident

Article 48proportional representationKaiser Wilhelm

Friedrich EbertPaul HindenburgNovember Criminals

BerlinWeimarReichstag

SPD/KPD/Center/NSDAPDolchstossGeneral Ludendorff

Allied Reparations CommitteeFreikorpsReichswehr

Adolf HitlerMein KampfBeer Hall Putsch

seditionanti-SemitismRuhr

Rhinelandhyper inflationLeague of Nations

AryanJewish BolshevismProtocols of Elders of Zionfolkish stateNuremburg Lawsder Fuhrer

BrownshirtsHerman GoeringReichstag fire

Evian conferenceNations of AsylumReich Judenrein

Chaim WeizmanKristallnachtfinal solution

DachauNeville ChamberlainBenito Mussolini

SudetenlandHershel Grynspanannex

blitzkriegMunich conferencelebensraum

ghettosLeningradEinsatzgrouppen

Heinrich HimmlerWarsaw ghetto

zyklon BJuden VerbotenAnschluss

GestapoNuremburg trialsRome Berlin Axis

anti-Comintern pactMunich conferenceSitzkreig

Maginot LineVichypuppet government

Charles de GaulleBattle of BritainRAF

LuftwaffeFranklin D. Rooseveltcash and carry

lend lease policyJehovah’s witnessesgypsies

political prisonershomosexualsPoles

Between the Wars, Nazi Germany, and W.W.II questions:

1. Why was the Weimar government so weak?

2. How did Hitler legally dismantle the Weimar republic?

3. Describe Germany in the following four time periods:

1919-1925

1926-1929

1929-1933

1933-1938

1939-1945

4. How did the people in Europe know a war was coming before W.W.II broke out?

5. What were the causes of W.W.II?

6. Explain the progression of W.W.II and how it differed and coincided with the progression of the Holocaust.

Bi-Polar World Terms

Cold War in EuropeDivided GermanyBlockade and Airlift

Berlin WallNuclear RaceKorea and Cuba

Korean WarContainmentBay of Pigs

Cuban Missile CrisisCold War SocietiesDomestic Containment

Female LiberationBlack NationalismCold War Consumerism

Space RaceCoexistenceChallenges to Superpower Hegemony

Defiance, Dissent, and Intervention in EuropeFrance under de Gaulle

Tito’s YugoslaviaDe-StalinizationHungarian Challenge

People’s Republic of ChinaDétente and the Decline of Superpower Influence

Era of CooperationDemise of DétenteU.S. Defeat in Vietnam

Soviets AfghanistanCold War Countercultural Protests

Rock and RollWatergateEnd of the Cold War

Revolutions in Eastern and Central EuropeMoscow’s Legacies

Gorbachev’s ImpactRevolutions in Eastern Europe

Collapse of the Soviet UnionGorbachev’s Reforms

Perestroika and Glasnost

Nikita Khrushchev on the Capitalist Iron Curtain

Possible essay questions to be answered in a well written 5 paragraph essay on your final exam.Your essay must discuss all three units.

1. Is history linear?To what extent did each of the phenomenon we studied this year cause the next event to occur?To what extent did Industrialization/Imperialism cause W.W.I? To what extent did W.W.I cause W.W.II? Is history inevitable and linear or did these events not cause each other?

2. Ultimately, did industrialization and technological advances in the 1800s and early 1900s have a more positive or more negative impact on the world from 1880 until 1945?Be sure to discuss the impact it had at the following three time periods:industrialization/colonization, W.W.I, and W.W.II.